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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Discrimination in bar exam ： ウィキペディア英語版 Discrimination in bar exam Discrimination in the bar exam has had a long history dating back to the Progressive Era.〔(The Bar Exam Is Unfair and Undemocratic ) www.newsweek.com〕 Established lawyers felt that up and comers were demeaning the profession by admitting ethnic minorities who lacked rank and class.〔 Thus they started using the bar exam as a method of excluding individuals and maintain high costs.〔 It has been hypothesized by a Slate Magazine article that the bar exam questions such as mental health questions are a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bar examiners ask lawyer applicants about mental health: The question policy is discriminatory, dangerous, and invasive. )〕 The Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division has agreed that these questions violate the Americans with Disabilities Act.〔 The Alabama Bar exam was sued for being discriminatory when only 28 blacks out of over 3000 lawyers in the state were black.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Why's Behind the Black Lawyer Shortage )〕 The NAACP and the ACLU have sued in various jurisdictions claiming that the Bar exam discriminates against blacks from practicing law.〔 A number of Law school graduates have explicitly called the bar exam racist.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Baltimore Afro-American - Google News Archive Search )〕 Various studies have shown that there is differing rates in the passage of the bar exam by blacks as there is by whites.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Racial Disparities in Bar Examination Performance )〕 In 2013, the Texas Bar was given a complaint on the discriminatory nature of the bar exam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Texan Claims Bar Exam Is Unconstitutional — Which Kind Of Proves Why We Need Bar Exams )〕 Critics of the bar exam are pleased to see cases like Iowa doing away with the bar exam in its state.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Critics of bar exam emerge across nation )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Discrimination in bar exam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.